NYSC Members & Free Speech By Odiawa Ai

In any thriving democracy, a fundamental tenet is the ability of citizens to voice their opinions, particularly when it comes to criticizing governmental actions and policies. This principle is essential for fostering growth, accountability, and transparency. Unfortunately, recent events in Nigeria suggest that the practice of free speech is under threat, particularly for those in positions of public service.

The recent case of Ushie Uguamaye, a National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) member, exemplifies the challenges faced by individuals who dare to speak out against the government. Uguamaye gained attention after posting a viral TikTok video in which she criticized President Bola Tinubu, labeling him a "terrible President" and expressing her frustration over the soaring cost of living in Nigeria. Her comments resonated with many Nigerians grappling with the harsh realities of economic hardship.

Following her candid remarks, Uguamaye was summoned to the NYSC Local Government Inspector’s office in Lagos. Reports indicate that she faced intimidation from several NYSC officials who demanded she retract her statements and issue an apology. This reaction raises significant concerns about the state of free speech in Nigeria and the willingness of government officials to engage with constructive criticism.

The sentiments expressed by Uguamaye are not without merit. Inflation in Nigeria recently reached a staggering 34.80% in December, marking a 30-year high. The economic landscape has only worsened, with Nigeria overtaking India in 2018 to become the global poverty capital, with 86.9 million citizens living below the poverty line. As of 2022, the National Bureau of Statistics reported that a staggering 133 million Nigerians lived in multidimensional poverty. These figures reflect a dire situation, exacerbated further by the cancellation of petrol subsidies and the flotation of the naira, which the World Bank estimates will push an additional seven million Nigerians into poverty by 2024.

Moreover, the ongoing challenges of insecurity, including kidnapping and terrorism, have compelled many businesses to shut down operations, leaving countless individuals without livelihoods. Energy poverty affects approximately 90 million Nigerians, nearly 45% of the population, further illustrating the urgent need for effective governance and accountability.

In defense of the government, it is worth noting the recent increase in the minimum wage from N30,000 to N70,000 monthly, a measure introduced in July. However, many state governments have yet to implement this increase, leaving many workers still struggling to make ends meet. For context, the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour, which translates to a significantly higher monthly income, depending on working hours.

The NYSC Act and the Revised Byelaws of 2011 do not explicitly prohibit corps members from expressing their views on government actions. This legal framework underscores the importance of free speech, allowing individuals, including young citizens, to engage in dialogue about governance and public policy. Uguamaye's criticism, while met with backlash, should not overshadow the fundamental rights guaranteed to all citizens.

While it is noteworthy that Uguamaye has apologized to the Lagos State Government, the severity of the response she received raises questions about the proportionality of such reactions. Young people, as the future leaders of our nation, must be encouraged to express their thoughts and opinions freely. Engaging with their perspectives can provide valuable insights that may lead to necessary reforms and improvements in governance.

The Constitution of Nigeria, specifically Section 39, enshrines the right to freedom of expression. This right is not merely a privilege but a cornerstone of democratic society. It is echoed in international frameworks, including Article 19 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. These documents affirm that every individual has the right to voice their opinions without fear of reprisal. It is troubling that, in a democratic context, there are attempts to stifle dissent and suppress critical views.

The recent history of Nigeria is punctuated by acts of protest and expression, even during periods of military rule. Citizens have historically rallied against injustice, and it is disheartening to see a shift towards repression in a democratic era. In August, numerous individuals protesting against escalating hardship and hunger faced arrests, with some charged with treason. Such actions are a concerning deviation from democratic principles, where peaceful protest should be welcomed as a means of civic engagement.

The media landscape is also under siege, with journalists facing arrest and detention under vague laws such as the Cybersecurity Act. The International Press Centre reported approximately 150 violations against press freedom between 2016 and 2020, highlighting the ongoing challenges to free expression in Nigeria. A healthy democracy thrives on the free exchange of ideas, and the suppression of dissenting voices is antithetical to this ideal.

The government should shift its focus from silencing critics to addressing the pressing issues facing the nation. A constructive dialogue with citizens, particularly the youth, can pave the way for a more responsive and accountable governance model. It is futile to expend energy on stifling voices when the real concern lies in addressing the needs and aspirations of the populace.

Corps members, like all citizens, have the right to express their views. Encouraging open dialogue is essential for a thriving democracy, and the government must recognize and protect this fundamental freedom. Instead of viewing criticism as a threat, it should be seen as an opportunity for growth and improvement. Only by embracing diverse perspectives can Nigeria move towards a more just and equitable society.